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With  the  complete  destruction  by  fire 
of  Marquand  Chapel  a  year  ago  last  May, 
the  University  for  the  first  time  in  one  hun- 
dred and  seventy-five   years  was  left  with- 
out a  proper  place  of  worship.     Marquand 
Chapel  for  over  a  generation  had  realized 
the  purpose  and  hope  of  its  generous  donor, 
Henry  G.  Marquand.     We  all  cherished  a 
peculiar   pride    in    this    familiar    place,    en- 
deared by  many  sacred  and  stirring  memo- 
ries.    The  Alumni,   in  the   course   of  time, 
forgot  their  uncomfortable  associations  with 
the  compulsory  attendance  upon  the  Chapel 
services,  and  remembered  only  the  sense  of 
comradeship   they  experienced   in   the   com- 
pact body  of  their   fellows,   assembled   for 
worship,  the   atmosphere   of  reverence,   the 
memorials  of  Princeton's  mighty  dead,  and 
the  promptings  of  their  hearts  to  realize  the 
high  ideals  of  manhood  and  service  which 
week  after  week  were  urged  upon  their  con- 
sideration.   We  who  were  in  Princeton  dur- 
ing the  period  of  the  World  War,  and  par- 
ticularly   after    the    spring    of    19 17,    will 
always   think  of   Marquand  Chapel   as   the 
place  where  the  realities  of  life  and  death 
became   startlingly   vivid,    and   worship   be- 
came  a  sacrament  of  consecration   for   our 
brave   youth   who   left   its   doors   with   the 
sound  of  martial  music  and  words   of   the 
prayer    of    benediction,    lending    a    sacred 
fervor  to  their  patriotic  resolution  to  serve 
the  country's  great  cause,  and  many  of  them 
to  die  for  those  principles  of  justice,  honor, 
and  humanity  which  have  ever  been  Prince- 
ton's holy  heritage. 

All  this  belongs  to  a  chapter  of  the  past. 
In  the  meanwhile,  the  religious  life  of  the 
University  has  been  seriously  affected  by  the 
loss  of  the  old  Chapel.    We  have  been  com- 


pelled to  hold  our  Sunday  morning  services 
in  Alexander  Hall,  a  building  which  was 
never  intended  to  be  a  house  of  worship. 
All  the  public  functions  are  held  there,  con- 
certs, lectures,  mass  meetings  of  our  stu- 
dents, and  various  entertainments  of  every 
sort  and  description.  Consequently,  when 
the  undergraduates  assemble  there  on  a  Sun- 
day morning,  the  associations  of  the  place 
hardly  suggest  the  atmosphere  and  attitude 
of  worship. 

A  new  Chapel  is  therefore  an  immediate 
necessity,  not  merely  as  a  matter  of  comfort 
and  convenience,  but  for  the  purpose  of  pre- 
serving the  continuity  of  the  religious  tradi- 
tion of  Princeton,  which  had  its  origin  in  the 
faith  and  hope  of  the  early  founders  of  the 
College  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  years 
ago. 

This  book  contains  the  detailed  sugges- 
tions and  tentative  plans  for  the  new  Chapel, 
and  we  confidently  expect  that  some  gener- 
ous and  devoted  friend  of  Princeton  will 
recognize  the  need  and  appreciate  the  op- 
portunity of  providing  for  the  coming  gen- 
erations of  our  young  men  such  a  place  of 
worship  as  will  prove  a  constant  inspiration 
to  realize  in  their  lives  the  spiritual  as  well 
as  the  intellectual  possibilities  of  their  man- 
hood. 

W^e  purpose  that  this  new  Chapel  shall 
be  beautiful  within  and  without,  the  con- 
summation of  Princeton's  architectural  en- 
deavor and  achievement,  so  that  all  who  come 
and  go,  the  casual  visitor  as  well  as  those 
who  regularly  worship  there,  will  Inevitably 
recognize  in  this  building  the  symbol  of  the 
beauty  of  holiness.  It  is  to  be  adapted  to 
all  our  needs,  with  ample  provision  for  the 
large  congregation  of  Sunday  mornings,  and 


464142 


*alsb"there"'will  be  planned  an  appropriate 
place,  a  Chapel  within  the  larger  Chapel,  for 
our  week-day  service  of  prayer. 

It  is  to  be  situated  at  the  centre  of  our 
campus  life,  forming  one  of  the  sides  of 
the  McCosh  quadrangle,  its  very  location 
itself  a  symbol  of  the  place  of  religion  in 
the  great  task  of  preparing  man  adequately 
for  his  life  and  work  in  the  world. 

The  thoughts  and  feelings  of  youth  are 
peculiarly   sensitive    to    their    surroundings. 


and  a  new  meaning  will  be  imparted  to  their 
interpretation  of  the  things  unseen  and 
eternal  as  they  come  by  daily  association  to 
recognize  the  new  Princeton  Chapel  as  the 
University's  protest  against  the  materialistic 
philosophy  and  drift  of  our  age.  the  symbol 
of  the  higher  aspirations  of  man,  a  refuge 
for  quiet  thought  and  contemplation,  "a 
house  of  ancient  mystery,"  the  holy  place  of 
God. 

John  Grier  Hibben 


Pan  of  Cijapel 


tCfje  Ctapel  aintenor 


VL\^t  architects*  ©efifcdption  of  tfje  JSesiignsi 


A  HE  designs  for  the  proposed  Chapel 
must  be  considered  as  in  a  sense  tentative, 
in  that  they  are  held  subject  to  that  further 
study  and  revision  which  must  always  take 
place  in  the  final  development  of  the  work- 
ing plans  for  any  scheme  of  such  magnitude 
and  significance.  Furthermore,  the  interests 
that  assemble  around  the  project  are  so 
multitudinous  in  number  and  so  keen  in  their 
personality  that  they  must,  of  necessity, 
have  their  influence  on  the  final  result.  An 
undertaking  such  as  this  is  one  greater  than 
the  capacities  of  any  architect,  and  the  build- 
ing itself  must  represent  the  enthusiastic 
cooperation  of  those  poignant  interests  which 
are  involved. 

The  design  indicates  both  a  definite  prin- 
ciple and  the  present  conviction  of  the  archi- 
tects as  to  the  general  form  in  which  these 
should  be  expressed,  and  it  is  hoped  that 
the  designs  will  be  considered  in  this  sense. 
It  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  the 
Chapel  for  Princeton  University  should 
gather  up,  epitomize,  and,  in  a  sense,  glorify 
the  whole  architectural  quality  of  the  Uni- 
versity, which,  developed  at  many  hands 
during  the  past  twenty  years,  has  given  it 
an  unique  position  amongst  American  in- 
stitutions of  higher  learning,  and  that  in 
doing  so,  it  should  play  the  same  part  with 
regard  to  the  University  itself.  If  there  is 
a  Chapel  at  all,  it  must  be  in  spirit  and  in 
form  all  that  is  possible  at  the  hands  of  the 
architects  and  the  University.  In  other 
words,  it  must  be,  in  so  far  as  this  is  attain- 
able, a  great  and  lasting  example  of  religious 
art,  linked  with  the  highest  standards  of 
secular  education.  It  cannot  be  a  bare  and 
mechanistic  auditorium,  it  must  unite  itself 
with  all  the  great  traditions  of  Christian 
architecture  and  yet  adapt  itself  to  the 
changed  conditions  of  the  world.  This 
means  the  striking  of  some  workable  bal- 
ance between  archeology  and  creative  art; 
a  task  of  enormous  magnitude,  and  one 
which  can  be  successfully  accomplished  only 


through  the  intimate  cooperation  of  all  those 
who  are  interested  in  the  work. 

Very  fortunately  there  exist  in  England 
and  elsewhere  many  examples  of  the  most 
consummate  type  of  ecclesiastical  architec- 
ture associated  with  an  University.  The 
college  chapels  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge 
are  amongst  the  greatest  products  of  Chris- 
tian art.  The  designs  for  the  proposed 
Princeton  Chapel  follow  closely  these  lines 
already  established,  yet  they  are  in  no  re- 
spect either  copies  of  any  existing  chapel  or 
a  synthesis  of  many.  The  plan  is  the  tradi- 
tional plan  of  the  college  chapel,  as  this 
worked  itself  out  to  its  culmination  in  the 
great  Chapel  of  King's  College,  Cambridge : 
that  is  to  say,  a  long,  lofty,  and  compara- 
tively narrow  area  in  which  are  assembled 
all  the  seats  for  clergy,  faculty,  and  students; 
a  plan  without  transepts  or  aisles  in  the 
sense  in  which  these  are  found  in  cathedrals 
and  parish  churches.  Naturally  this  form 
gives  the  best  practical  results,  both  in  point 
of  seeing  and  hearing.  This  would  neces- 
sarily be  the  case,  since  the  great  churches 
of  the  Middle  Ages  were  conceived  and  con- 
structed with  particular  reference  to  great 
preaching  services. 

The  nave  of  Princeton  Chapel  has  a 
width  between  the  columns  of  40  feet,  and 
a  total  width  of  58  feet.  Its  interior  length 
from  wall  to  wall  is  270  feet.  Its  height 
from  the  pavement  to  the  crown  of  the  vault 
is  76  feet.  This  is  just  about  the  width  and 
height  of  King's  College  Chapel,  Cam- 
bridge, while  the  length  is  only  about  20  feet 
less.  The  Chapel  would  then  stand  as  the 
second  largest  college  chapel  in  the  world. 

Unlike  other  college  chapels,  this  has  been 
given  narrow  aisles  without  seats  and  used 
primarily  as  ambulatories.  These  are  pierced 
through  the  base  of  the  buttresses  that  sup- 
port the  vaulting,  and  they  open  at  the 
eastern  end  into  small  pseudo-transepts  on 
either  side  the  entrance  to  the  choir  or  day 
chapel,  the  latter  having  no  aisles. 


atfjt  WAtit  Jfront 


While  the  Chapel  itself  extends  in  un- 
broken length  and  unchanged  width  from 
end  to  end,  the  easterly  third  is  set  off  from 
the  main  body  by  an  open  screen,  the  inten- 
tion being  that  this  easterly  third,  or  day 
chapel,  should  be  used  for  the  daily  services, 
seating  normally  170  persons  in  stalls  ar- 
ranged choir  fashion.  This  seating  capacity 
could  be  doubled,  should  the  necessity  arise, 
by  the  placing  of  chairs  in  the  wide,  open 
area  between  the  two  files  of  stalls.  This 
day  chapel  would  have  its  own  pulpit,  and  a 
comparatively  small  number  of  students 
assembled  here  would  not  have  the  effect  of 
being  lost,  as  would  the  same  number  dis- 
tributed casually  throughout  the  entire 
Chapel.  On  those  occasions  when  the  whole 
faculty  and  student  body  would  be  present, 
the  faculty  would  occupy  the  rear  row  of 
stalls  which  surround  the  choir  on  three 
sides,  while  the  other  seats  would  be  used  by 
choristers,  and  possibly  by  the  members  of 
the  senior  class.  The  great  body  of  stu- 
dents would  occupy  the  main  portion,  or 
nave. 

Alongside  the  choir,  on  the  south,  are  ar- 
ranged the  necessary  vestries,  connecting 
both  with  the  choir  and  the  main  body  of 
the  Chapel,  while  a  broad  stairway  descends 
to  the  crypt  under  the  choir  which,  owing  to 
the  fall  in  the  ground,  will  be  adequately 
lighted.  This  crypt  could  be  used  for  many 
kinds  of  religious  conferences  and  other 
meetings,  and  also  as  a  place  of  assembly 
for  the  student  body  in  preparation  for  aca- 
demic processions. 

The  pseudo-transepts,  already  referred  to, 
provide  on  an  upper  level  for  the  great 
organ,  divided  in  halves  so  that  it  can  be 
played  antiphonally,  while  there  would  also 
be  a  third  organ  at  the  westerly  end  in  the 
large  gallery  over  the  vestibule.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  these  transeptal  organs  are  best 
placed  for  effectiveness  in  all  services. 

In  its  exterior  design  the  Chapel  is  con- 
spicuously this,  and  in  no  respect  a  cathedral 
or  a  parish  church.  It  has  no  tower,  and  the 
pseudo-transepts,    being    only    one    bay    in 


width,  do  not  break  the  continuity  of  the 
lateral  walls,  which  are  divided  into  thirteen 
bays,  22  feet  on  centres.  Every  effort  has 
been  made  to  obtain  an  effect  of  dignity  and 
impressiveness  through  grandeur  of  mass  and 
simplicity  of  form.  The  architectural  style 
is  based  on  that  of  the  14th  century  in  Eng- 
land, a  style  generally  accepted  as  represent- 
ing the  highest  point  achieved  by  Christian 
architecture  in  Great  Britain.  There  are, 
of  course,  many  modifications  and  variants 
from  any  existing  types,  and  the  building 
does  not  conform  closely  to  any  established 
model,  though  it  has  in  parts  a  certain  rela- 
tionship to  Carlisle  and  the  little  known  but 
exquisite   fragment  of  Guisborough. 

The  interior  bears  a  certain  resemblance 
to  Exeter,  which  is  generally  accepted  as  the 
most  beautiful  interior  in  England.  The 
"order"  consists  of  a  main  arcade  34  feet  to 
the  apex  of  the  arches,  with  large,  traceried 
windows  above  the  vault,  and  between,  a 
triforium  with  a  passage  through  the  thick- 
ness of  the  walls.  The  vaulting  is,  like 
Exeter,  of  the  "lierne"  type,  perhaps  the 
most  beautiful  ever  devised,  but  the  vaulting 
shafts  are  brought  down  and  firmly 
grounded  at  the  pavement  after  the  French 
fashion.  In  the  choir  the  windows  are  of 
much  greater  height  than  in  the  nave,  46 
feet  in  the  clear  from  sill  to  apex,  and 
divided  into  four  sections  by  slender  verti- 
cal mullions.  The  great  east  window  is  20 
feet  wide  and  39  feet  from  the  sill  to  the 
apex  of  the  arch,  while  the  west  window  is 
of  the  same  width  but  somewhat  shorter. 

The  architects  call  attention  at  this  point 
to  the  great  opportunities  that  are  offered 
for  class  memorials  by  the  many  mullioned 
windows  afforded  by  the  design.  The 
scheme  for  all  this  glass  should  be  deter- 
mined in  advance  in  order  that  it  may  give  a 
consistent  showing  of  the  Christian  religion 
and  its  workings  amongst  all  men  and  in  all 
generations.  The  style  should  be  based  on 
that  of  the  14th  century  glass  of  England, 
e.g.,  that  in  the  nave  of  York  Cathedral. 
Many  other  opportunities  are  afforded  by  the 


•         •  « 


»•  •  ••" 


tEiie  Ciiapel  from  t\)t  €mt 


walls  under  the  aisle  windows,  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  the  whole  Chapel  will  become  in 
time  a  living  record  of  great  deeds  and  great 
personalities  connected  with  the  University. 

The  matter  of  material  has  not  been 
determined.  Stone  would  be  employed 
throughout  both  the  exterior  and  the  interior, 
and  the  vaulting  would,  of  course,  be  of 
masonry  construction;  indeed  no  imitation 
or  substitute  of  any  kind  should  be  permitted 
in  the  construction  of  the  Chapel. 

The  plans  provide  for  170  seats  in  the 
choir,  1,260  on  the  floor  of  the  nave,  and 
170  in  the  west  gallery,  giving  a  total  of 
1,600.  As  a  matter  of  fact  there  is  space 
for  additional  seats  in  the  side  aisles,  and 
also  in  the  triforium,  and  when  the  Chapel 
is  filled  "to  capacity"  it  will  hold  well  over 
2,000  persons. 


A  word  may  be  offered  here  with  regard 
to  the  site.  This,  as  is  indicated  by  the 
illustration,  is  unquestionably  the  best  avail- 
able, or  even  imaginable,  and  this  is  true 
both  from  an  architectural  and  practical 
standpoint.  The  Chapel  will  be  most  cen- 
trally placed,  closely  associated  with  the  site 
of  the  old  Marquand  Chapel.  It  will  com- 
plete the  great  quadrangle  which  has  already 
been  begun  by  McCosh  Hall,  the  Corpus 
Dial  coming  in  the  exact  centre  of  the  com- 
pleted quadrangle.  While  well  removed 
from  the  noise  of  Nassau  Street,  the  Chapel 
will  lift  imposingly  above  the  trees,  and  will 
be  quite  visible  from  this  point,  while  from 
the  centre  of  the  campus,  the  west  front  will 
show  clear,  to  the  south  of  the  Library,  and 
from  as  far  away  as  Whig  and  Clio  halls. 

Cram  &  Ferguson 


PLOT    I'LAN     SHOWIN(;    LOCATION^ OF    NEW     CHAPEL 


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14  DAY  USE 

RBTUKN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

LOAN  DEPT. 

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v,^  the  date  to  which  renewed. 
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recall. 


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